Ibikoresho byo hejuru - polyimide (1)

Polyimide, impande zose mu bikoresho bya polymer, byakuruye ibigo byinshi byubushakashatsi mu Bushinwa, kandi ibigo bimwe na bimwe byatangiye kubyara - ibikoresho byacu bwite bya polyimide.
I. Incamake
Nkibikoresho bidasanzwe byubuhanga, polyimide yakoreshejwe cyane mubyindege, mu kirere, mikorobe, nanometero, kirisiti y'amazi, gutandukanya membrane, laser hamwe nizindi nzego.Vuba aha, ibihugu biri kurutonde rwubushakashatsi, iterambere no gukoreshapolyimidenka kimwe mu bintu byizewe bya plastiki yubuhanga mu kinyejana cya 21.Polyimide, kubera ibiranga bidasanzwe mu mikorere no muri synthesis, yaba ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byubatswe cyangwa nk'ibikoresho bikora, ibyifuzo byayo byo kuyikoresha byamenyekanye neza, kandi bizwi nk '“impuguke ikemura ibibazo” (protion solver) ), kandi yizera ko "hatabayeho polyimide, muri iki gihe nta tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki yari kubaho".

Icya kabiri, imikorere ya polyimide
1. Dukurikije isesengura rya thermogravimetric ya polyimide yuzuye yuzuye, ubushyuhe bwayo bwangirika muri rusange hafi 500 ° C.Polyimide ikomatanyirijwe muri biphenyl dianhydride na p-phenylenediamine ifite ubushyuhe bwangirika bwa 600 ° C kandi ni imwe muri polymers ihagaze neza kugeza ubu.
2. Polyimide irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buke cyane, nko muri helium y'amazi kuri -269 ° C, ntibizacika intege.
3. Polyimideifite imashini nziza cyane.Imbaraga zingana za plastiki zituzuye ziri hejuru ya 100Mpa, firime (Kapton) ya homophenylene polyimide iri hejuru ya 170Mpa, na polyimide yo mu bwoko bwa biphenyl (UpilexS) igera kuri 400Mpa.Nka plastiki yubuhanga, ingano ya firime ya elastique mubisanzwe ni 3-4Gpa, kandi fibre irashobora kugera kuri 200Gpa.Ukurikije imibare yerekana, fibre ikomatanyirijwe hamwe na phthalic anhydride na p-phenylenediamine irashobora kugera kuri 500Gpa, iyakabiri nyuma ya fibre karubone.
4. Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa polyimide ntibushobora gushonga mumashanyarazi kama kandi bihamye kugirango bigabanye aside.Ubwoko rusange ntiburwanya hydrolysis.Ibi bisa nkibibuze bituma polyimide itandukanye nizindi polimeri ikora cyane.Ikiranga nuko ibikoresho bibisi dianhydride na diamine bishobora kugarurwa na hydrolysis ya alkaline.Kurugero, kuri firime ya Kapton, igipimo cyo gukira gishobora kugera kuri 80% -90%.Guhindura imiterere birashobora kandi kubona hydrolysis irwanya ubwoko butandukanye, nko kwihanganira 120 ° C, amasaha 500 yo guteka.
5. Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa polyimide ni 2 × 10-5－3 × 10-5 ℃, Guangcheng thermoplastique polyimide ni 3 × 10-5 ℃, ubwoko bwa biphenyl bushobora kugera kuri 10-6 ℃, ubwoko bwihariye bushobora kugera kuri 10- 7 ° C.
6. Polyimide ifite imishwarara myinshi, kandi firime yayo ifite imbaraga zo kugumana 90% nyuma ya 5 × 109rad yihuta ya electron.
7. Polyimideifite ibyiza bya dielectric, hamwe na dielectric ihoraho ya 3.4.Mugutangiza fluor cyangwa gukwirakwiza nanometero yumuyaga muri polyimide, guhora dielectric irashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 2.5.Gutakaza dielectric ni 10-3, imbaraga za dielectric ni 100-300KV / mm, Guangcheng thermoplastique polyimide ni 300KV / mm, irwanya amajwi ni 1017Ω / cm.Iyi mitungo iguma kurwego rwo hejuru hejuru yubushyuhe bwagutse nubunini bwinshyi.
8. Polyimide ni polymer yizimya ifite umuvuduko muke.
9. Polyimide ifite bike cyane kurenza icyuho kinini cyane.
10. Polyimide ntabwo ari uburozi, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo kumeza nibikoresho byubuvuzi, kandi irashobora kwihanganira ibihumbi byangiza.Polyimide zimwe na zimwe zifite biocompatibilité nziza, kurugero, ntabwo ari hemolytike mugupimisha amaraso kandi ntabwo ari uburozi mugupima vitro cytotoxicity.

3. Inzira nyinshi zo guhuza:
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi nuburyo bwa polyimide, kandi hariho inzira nyinshi zo kubishushanya, birashobora rero guhitamo ukurikije intego zitandukanye zo gusaba.Ubu bwoko bwo guhinduka muri synthesis nabyo biragoye kubandi polymers gutunga.

1. Polyimideni synthèse cyane kuva dibasic anhydrides na diamine.Aba monomers bombi bahujwe nizindi polymers nyinshi za heterocyclic, nka polybenzimidazole, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polyquinone Ugereranije na monomeri nka fenoline na polyquinoline, isoko yibikoresho fatizo ni ngari, kandi synthesis nayo iroroshye.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa dianhydride na diamine, na polyimide ifite imitungo itandukanye irashobora kuboneka hamwe.
2. Polyimide irashobora kuba polycondensed mubushyuhe buke na dianhydride na diamine mumashanyarazi ya polar, nka DMF, DMAC, NMP cyangwa THE / methanol ivanze, kugirango ibone aside irike, nyuma yo gukora firime cyangwa kuzunguruka Ubushyuhe bugera kuri 300 ° C kuri umwuma no kuzunguruka muri polyimide;Anhydride ya acetike na catalizike ya amine irashobora kandi kongerwamo aside polyamic kugirango ibuze umwuma hamwe na cycleisation kugirango ibone igisubizo cya polyimide nifu.Diamine na dianhydride birashobora kandi gushyukwa hamwe na polycondenses mumashanyarazi menshi, nka fenolike, kugirango ubone polyimide muntambwe imwe.Byongeye kandi, polyimide irashobora kandi kuboneka mubitekerezo bya acide ya dibasic ester na diamine;irashobora kandi guhindurwa kuva acide polyamic ikabanza polyisoimide, hanyuma ikahinduka polyimide.Ubu buryo bwose buzana ibyoroshye gutunganya.Iyambere yitwa PMR uburyo, bushobora kubona ubukonje buke, igisubizo gikomeye, kandi gifite idirishya rifite ubukonje buke bwo gushonga mugihe cyo gutunganya, bikwiranye cyane cyane no gukora ibikoresho;icya nyuma cyiyongera Kugirango tunonosore ibisubizo, ntamubiri wa molekile nkeya urekurwa mugihe cyo guhindura.
3. Igihe cyose ubuziranenge bwa dianhydride (cyangwa tetraacid) na diamine bujuje ibisabwa, uko uburyo bwa polycondensation bwakoreshwa, biroroshye kubona uburemere buke buhagije, kandi uburemere bwa molekile burashobora guhinduka byoroshye wongeyeho anhydride cyangwa amine.
4. Polycondensation ya dianhydride (cyangwa tetraacide) na diamine, mugihe cyose igipimo cya molari kigera ku kigereranyo cya equimolar, kuvura ubushyuhe muri vacuum birashobora kongera cyane uburemere bwa molekuline yuburemere buke buke bwa prepolymer, bityo bikazamura gutunganya no gukora ifu.Ngwino byoroshye.
5. Biroroshye kumenyekanisha amatsinda yibikorwa kumurongo wurunigi cyangwa urunigi kugirango ube oligomeri ikora, bityo ubone polyimide ya termosetting.
6. Koresha itsinda rya carboxyl muri polyimide kugirango ukore esterification cyangwa umunyu, hanyuma utangire amatsinda yifotora cyangwa amatsinda maremare ya alkyl kugirango ubone amphiphilic polymers, ushobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubone amafoto cyangwa gukoreshwa mugutegura film za LB.
7. Inzira rusange yo guhuza polyimide ntabwo itanga imyunyu ngugu, ifasha cyane cyane mugutegura ibikoresho.
8. Dianhydride na diamine nka monomers biroroshye kugabanuka munsi yumuvu mwinshi, kuburyo byoroshye gukorapolyimidefirime kumurimo wakazi, cyane cyane ibikoresho bifite ubuso butaringaniye, kubitsa imyuka.